STIs

BY: Kinjal Mahant

**What is an STI?**

**STI is an infection that has been transmitted through some form of intimate, usually sexual contact. Textbook def. pg 396** **"Early symptoms of an STI are often mild and unrecognizable. Left untreated, some of the infections can have consequences such as** **sterility,blindness, central nervous system destruction, disfigurement, and death.**

**"Shame and embarrassment often keep infected people from seeking treatment, they often keep being sexually active, thereby infecting unsuspecting partners.**

>> **Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection with most sexually active men and women being exposed to the virus at some point during their lifetime.** >> > >
 * Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) **
 * Human Papillomavirus (HPV): [[image:http://www.funbuzztime.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/HPV-Symptoms.jpg width="825" height="465" caption="Image result for hpv"]]
 * An infection that causes warts in various parts of the body, depending on the strain.**
 * Chlamydia: [[image:http://www.findhomeremedy.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/chlamydia.jpg width="420" height="420" caption="Image result for chlamydia"]]
 * //Chlamydia is one of the most common STDs in the world.//**
 * **Chlamydia is an infection by the bacteria //Chlamydia trachomatis// (//C. trachomatis//); some scientists believe it to be the most common bacterial STI in the world.**
 * **Chlamydia infection can affect several organs including the penis, vagina, cervix, urethra, anus, eye, and throat and can cause serious and sometimes permanent damage to the reproductive system. In men early signs may include painful and difficult urination; frequent urination;and a watery, pus-like discharge from the penis.**
 * ** Chancroid: **

> **Pubic lice (Sing: pubic louse), also known as crab louse, crabs, or Fullers; Latin name //Pthirus pubis// are tiny parasitic blood-sucking wingless insects that infest the human genitals, causing itching and red spots.** > **The only other animal known to be affected by this insect is the gorilla. Crabs may also affect other coarse hair on the body, including the eyelashes, eyebrows, beards, mustaches, as well as the hair on the back and abdomen. Pubic lice are about 2mm long and are gray-brown in color.** > **Herpes is a chronic (long-term) condition. However, many people never have symptoms even though they are carrying the virus. There are two types of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2) only 1 in 6 americans have HSV-2; however about half of the adults have HSV-1 it usually comes in the form of a cold sore on the mouth.** > **Symptoms can last up to 20 days and may include:** > Genital warts are due to sexual contact with a person infected with [|human papillomavirus] (HPV); they are usually benign (non-cancerous), but many sub-types have the potential for malignant (cancerous) change. > ===How is HIV transmitted?=== > > **Sexual transmission** - it can happen when there is contact with infected sexual fluids (rectal, genital, or oral mucous membranes). This can happen while having unprotected sex, including vaginal, oral, and anal sex, or sharing sex toys with someone infected with HIV. > **Perinatal transmission** - a mother can pass the infection on to her child during childbirth, pregnancy, and also through breastfeeding. > **Blood transmission** - the risk of transmitting HIV through blood transfusion is nowadays extremely low in developed countries, thanks to meticulous screening and precautions. However, among injection or IV drug users, sharing and reusing syringes contaminated with HIV-infected blood is extremely hazardous. > > ===Symptoms of early HIV infection=== > Many people with HIV have no symptoms for several months to even years after becoming infected. Others may develop symptoms similar to flu, usually 2-6 weeks after catching the virus. > The symptoms of early HIV infection may include: > //Infants and young children experience infestation in other areas of the body, including the:// > **It is highly contagious, being easily spread through close physical contact (e.g. skin-to-skin contact) and by sharing bedding, clothing, and furniture infested with mites.** > http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/246491.php Textbook Pg. 396
 * Crabs (Pubic Lice): [[image:https://sexualdiseaseclinic.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/crabs-300x174.jpg width="300" height="174" caption="Image result for crabs std pictures"]]
 * ** Genital herpes: ****Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection caused by HSV (herpes simplex virus). Genital herpes affects approximately 16.2 percent of population aged 14 to 49 in the united states. This virus affects the genitals, the cervix, and skin in other parts of the body.**
 * **Blisters and ulceration on the cervix**
 * **Vaginal discharge**
 * **Pain when urinating**
 * **High temperature ([|fever])**
 * **Malaise (feeling unwell)**
 * **Cold sores around the mouth**
 * **Red blisters - these are generally painful; they soon burst and leave ulcers on the external genital area, thighs, buttocks, and rectum**
 * ** Genital Warts: ****A genital wart is a contagious, projecting fleshy growth on the external genitals or anus, consisting of fibrous overgrowth covered by a thickened epithelium (outer layer).**
 * Women - genital warts may exist on the vulva (lips around the vagina), cervix (entrance to the uterus), upper thighs, inside the vagina, on the anus, and inside the anus.
 * Men - genital warts may exist on the penis, scrotum (sack which holds the testes), urethra (tube that carries urine), upper thighs, on the anus, and inside the anus.
 * ** Hepatitis B: **
 * **HIV/AIDS**: AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a syndrome caused by a virus called HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). The disease alters the immune system, making people much more vulnerable to infections and diseases. This susceptibility worsens as the syndrome progresses.
 * [|fever]
 * chills
 * joint pain
 * muscle aches
 * [|sore throat]
 * sweats (particularly at night)
 * enlarged glands
 * a red rash
 * [|tiredness]
 * weakness
 * unintentional weight lossmedia type="youtube" key="FDVNdn0CvKI" width="560" height="315"
 * ** Trichomoniasis (Parasitic infection): **
 * ** Molluscum contagiosum: **
 * ** Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): **
 * Scabies:
 * //The most common site of infestation in adults and older children include://
 * //in between the fingers//
 * //around fingernails//
 * //armpits//
 * //waistline//
 * //inner parts of the wrists//
 * //inner elbow//
 * //soles of the feet//
 * //breasts (particularly the areas around the nipples)//
 * //male genitalia//
 * //buttocks//
 * //knees//
 * //shoulder blades//
 * //scalp//
 * //face//
 * //neck//
 * //palms of the hands//
 * //soles of the feet//
 * **//Scabies produces an itchy skin rash consisting of small red bumps and blisters.//**
 * Each year, scabies affects millions of people of all races, ages, and socioeconomic status.**
 * **Itching** - this is often worse at night and can be severe and intense. Itching is one of the most common scabies symptoms.
 * **Rash** - when the mite burrows into the skin, it forms burrow tracks, or lines, which are most commonly found in skin folds, and resemble [|hives], bites, knots, [|pimples], or patches of scaly skin. Blisters may also be present.
 * **Sores** - these occur in infested areas where a person has scratched at the skin. Open sores can lead to [|impetigo], commonly caused by secondary infection with //Staphylococcus aureus//.
 * **Thick crusts** - crusted scabies, also known as Norwegian scabies, is a form of severe scabies in which hundreds to thousands of mites and mite eggs are harbored within skin crusts, causing severe skin symptoms.
 * Syphilis: **is caused by a bacterium, the spirochete called treponema pallibum.highest in the age group from 29 to 39, and it is higher for african american men and men who have sex with other men. This organism is generally transferred onlythrough direct sexual contact or from mother to fetus. The incident of syphillis in newborns has continued to increase in the united states.[[image:https://image.slidesharecdn.com/syphilisstudetnupdates-130430221717-phpapp02/95/syphilis-an-update-for-students-14-638.jpg?cb=1367360462 width="638" height="479" caption="Image result for syphilis baby"]]**
 * Syphilis: **is caused by a bacterium, the spirochete called treponema pallibum.highest in the age group from 29 to 39, and it is higher for african american men and men who have sex with other men. This organism is generally transferred onlythrough direct sexual contact or from mother to fetus. The incident of syphillis in newborns has continued to increase in the united states.[[image:https://image.slidesharecdn.com/syphilisstudetnupdates-130430221717-phpapp02/95/syphilis-an-update-for-students-14-638.jpg?cb=1367360462 width="638" height="479" caption="Image result for syphilis baby"]]**
 * gonorrhea: **is caused by a bacterial pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonorrhea primarily infects the lining of the urethra, genital tract, pharynx, and rectum. It may spread to the eyes or other body regions by the hands or through body fluids, typically during vaginal, oral, or anal sex. Most cases occur in individuals between the ages of 15 and 24. In men a typical symptom is a white, milky discharge from the penis accompnied by painful, burning urination 2 to 9 days after contact.**
 * Trichomoniasis ( Trich):
 * Yeast infection: **
 * [[image:https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sexualhealthprotectivebehaviours-150228173321-conversion-gate02/95/sexual-health-protective-behaviours-8-638.jpg?cb=1425145033 width="638" height="479" caption="Image result for syphilis baby"]]

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